pope urban's speechOur Christian brothers who live in east urgently need your help. Arabs [Muslims] have attacked them and taken over Christian land. They have killed and captured many people and destroyed the churches. The lord god appeals you... soldiers and knights, rich and poor, to sweep our enemies from the land of our Christian friends.
He is persuading Christians to go on the first crusade. |
A German ChroniclerThe Crusaders slaughtered many Jews in Germany, calming this was the begging of there crusade because they were killing enemies of Christianity.
Events like this happened in England at the time of the third crusade in the 1180. Many Jews were murdered in York, Norwich and Stamford. He describes what happened in Germany 1096. |
SoldierBefore we attached Jerusalem, the bishops ordered everyone to walk around the walls of the city and pray as they walked. Our men fallowed killing and beheading the defenders all the way. There was such a slaughter for a whole day but finally, they were beaten. Our men captured men and woman. They killed them or let them live as they saw fit. Soon our men were running all around the city. Seizing gold and silver, horses and mules and houses filled with all kinds of goods.
He write this from chronicle. He is describing the captured of Jerusalem in 1099. The crusaders had taken many months to travel from Europe. |
Fulcher of chatersWe used to be Europeans, now we are easterners. The men who were from Rome or France have become Galileans or Palestinians. We have already forgotten the place where we were born. Some have marred woman from this land either Christians or moles [Muslims] who have been baptized.
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Muslim trader from SpainWe travelled through many farms and villages whose lands were well farmed. The people are all Moslems but they live in comfort with the Europeans. Their houses belong to them and there property is unharmed. All the land, villages and farms stayed in the hands of the Moslems... Two sides understand each other completely. The men of war fight their war but the people stay at peace.
Ibn Jubayr (1144-1217) was a Muslim trader from Spain who travelled through the Middle East in the 1180s. |
Usamah ibn munqidhThe Franks [Europeans] who have come recently are always more inhuman than the Franks who have lived among us are used to Muslims. A proof of the harshened of the Franks (the source of Allah upon them) can be seen in what happened to the me when I visited Jerusalem. I went into the mosque al-Aqsa. By the side was a little mosque that the Franks had made into a church. The Christian Templars were in charge of the mosque. They were my friends and let me say my prayers in the little mosque. I was praying when a Frank rushed at me, seized me and turned my face to the east saying that is how to pray. A group of Templars took hold of him and threw him out and apologized to me. He is a stranger who has only just arrived. He has never seen anyone pray with out turning to the east, I went out and saw how he was trembling with shock after seeing me pray toward Mecca.
An extract from the autobiography of Usamah Ibn Muqidh (1095-1188). Usamah was a Muslim Nobleman who knew all the Muslim leaders and many Christian leaders. |
Roger Bacon
War was not affected because of those who survived, together with there children, are more and more embittered against their embittered against there enemies.
Write this in 1260. He was a English churchman and scientist.
Write this in 1260. He was a English churchman and scientist.